BYE-LAWS.
1. Any owner or occupier of private premises about to construct any new drain, shall give at least seven days' previous written Notice of such intention to the Board, and such Notice shall be delivered at the Office of the Board, in a form of which printed blank copies may be obtained gratis in English and Chinese on application at the Office of the Board, or in the case of the villages—at any Village Police Station, between the hours of 10 A.M. and 4 P.M.
2. Every such Notice shall specify the name of the Street, the number or Nature of the Lot and the number of the house if any, which it is intended to drain and shall be accompanied by a plan in duplicate of the premises drawn on a scale of not less than twenty feet to the inch, and such plan must show the whole of the new drains with their proposed sizes figured thereon, and a section or sections showing the proposed falls or inclination and drawn to the same scale and to a vertical scale of not less than ten feet to the inch. The plan must also show the position and course of all proposed surface gutters.
Except that in case of suburban lots which cannot be conveniently included within a plan of ordinary dimensions, when the lot and the out-fall drain may be shown on a scale of not less than one hundred feet to the inch.
3. Within seven days after receipt of the Notice, the Sanitary Surveyor shall, by means of a written communication, in English or Chinese as may be necessary, inform the person who has given the said Notice whether his designs and proposed mode of construction are approved or disapproved, and in case of disapproval such modifications or improvements as may be requisite in order to comply with the provisions of Ordinance No. 24 of 1887 and of any Bye-Laws made thereunder shall be indicated in detail to such person by the Sanitary Surveyor, and it shall not be lawful for such person to commence the new drains until the approval thereto of the Sanitary Surveyor shall have been previously obtained by him, and in the case of such approval one copy of the deposited plan shall be returned to him, and the remaining copy shall remain filed in the Office of the Sanitary Surveyor.
NOTE. The approval of plans conveyed by the Sanitary Surveyor under this bye-law certifies simply to the fact that the plans are in accordance with the Public Health Ordinance and with the bye-laws made thereunder
but signifies no approval of the sufficiency or otherwise of the plan and throws no responsibility on the Board.
4. Any person carrying out excavations for new drainage works on any premises contiguous to a public thoroughfare whereby the safety of the public may be jeopardized, shall light such excavations by means of a lantern or lanterns kept lighted through the night, and he shall further provide watchmen, erect hoardings and otherwise take such precautions as may be necessary for securing the safety
of the public and the protection of adjoining properties.
5. House-drains shall be made of impervious materials with smooth internal surfaces, such as well glazed earthen-ware pipes or cast-iron pipes protected against rust or corrosion by suitable asphaltic coating. The drains shall be so constructed as to be water or air-tight. In jointing pipes with cement, tarred-hemp shall be caulked into the joint before the cement is applied, and care shall be taken that no cement or other jointing material projects from the joints into the interior of the pipes; and any such projecting material or other irregularities in the bore of the drain shall be carefully removed.
6. House-drains shall be firmly bedded in selected material free from large stones and well rammed into place.
7. All stoneware pipes shall be well glazed and free from cracks and flaws and shall have a thickness of not less than one twelfth of their diameter.
8. Disconnecting Chambers shall be red brick manholes fitted with stoneware traps and ventilating grates of iron or stone.
9. Lime mortar used for the building of manholes shall be composed of three parts of sand or red earth and one part of good lime.
10. Lime concrete used for encasing new drains shall be composed of four parts of good sound clean stone, broken to half inch cubes, two parts of red earth and one part of lime thoroughly well mixed and well rammed into place.
11. Cement mortar used for the jointing of pipes or any other work shall be mixed in the proportions of three parts of clean sharp sand and one part of good Portland Cement and used fresh.
12. No main house-drain shall be less than six inches in clear internal diameter.
13. Subject to the limitation mentioned in the preceding Bye-law, no main house-drain shall be larger than is necessary in the opinion of the Board to carry off the sewage of the dwelling, or the sewage with the rain-water, which, under conditions hereinafter specified in Bye-laws Nos. 38, 39, 40 and 41 shall be admitted to the house-drain.
14. Every house-drain shall have the maximum fall, throughout its length, that the relative levels of the public sewer and of the most remote inlet, will admit of.
Provided always
(a.) That the maximum available fall does not exceed one in thirty (or 4 inches in 10 feet). If it does, then the part of the drain, more remote from the public sewer, may be laid with a fall of one in thirty; and the remainder, with such greater fall as may be necessary to connect with the public sewer.
(b.) That the excavation, necessary to obtain the maximum available fall, is not of such a nature as to endanger the stability of the adjoining or neighbouring property.
In these and similar cases the gradient may be reduced subject to the approval of the Board.
NOTE.—The available fall in a house-drain, 100 feet long, is 26" or one in forty. It will be better to make the first thirty feet from the inlet, with a fall of 1 foot, or 1 in 30; and the remaining length of 70 feet with a fall of 1 in 46.66, than to give an uniform fall throughout.
It is clear that an obstruction at A would be more easily removed than one at B, in the pipe of uniform gradient, because it would have a greater head of water behind it; and in flowing from the inlet to it, the stream will have attained a certain momentum, tending to carry it on, through the fatter part of the pipe.
AB is a drain 90 feet long, with an available fall of 3 feet, between A and B. At C, distant 60 feet from A, there is a branch (D) 40 feet long; being at the same level as A.
If the main-drain A were given an uniform fall of 1 in 30, then D would be 1 foot below B and D. Then CD would have a fall of 1 in 40 only. The proper course to pursue would be to give CD a fall of one in thirty, or 1'4" in all. BC would then have a fall of 1' 4" in 30, or 1 in 22.5, and CA a fall of 1' 8" in 60 feet; or one is thirty-six.
BYE-LAWS.
1. Any owner or occupier of private premises about to construct any new Notices. drain, shall give at least seven days' previous written Notice of such intention to the Board, and such Notice shall be delivered at the Office of the Board, in a form of which printed blank copies may be obtained gratis in English and Chinese on application at the Office of the Board, or in the case of the villages-at any Village Police Station, between the hours of 10 A.M. and 4 P.M.
2. Every such Notice shall specify the name of the Street, the number of Nature of notices. the Lot and the number of the house if any, which it is intended to drain and shall be accompanied by a plan in duplicate of the premises drawn on a scale of not less than twenty feet to the inch, and such plan must show the whole of the new drains with their proposed sizes figured thereon, and a section or sections showing the proposed falls or inclination and drawn to the same scale and to a vertical scale of not less than ten feet to the inch. The plan must also show the position and course of all proposed surface gutters.
Except that in case of suburban lots which cannot be conveniently included within a plan of ordinary dimensions, when the lot and the out-fall drain may be shown on a scale of not less than one hundred feet to the inch.
3. Within seven days after receipt of the Notice, the Sanitary Surveyor Approval of plans, &c, shall, by means of a written communication, in English or Chinese as may be necessary, inform the person who has given the said Notice whether his designs and proposed mode of construction are approved or disapproved, and in case of disapproval such modifications or improvements as may be requisite in order to comply with the provisions of Ordinance No. 24 of 1887 and of any Bye-Laws made thereunder shall be indicated in detail to such person by the Sanitary Sur- veyor, and it shall not be lawful for such person to commence the new drains until the approval thereto of the Sanitary Surveyor shall have been previously obtained by him, and in the case of such approval one copy of the deposited plan shall be returned to him, and the remaining copy shall remain filed in the Office of the Sanitary Surveyor.
NOTE. The approval of plans conveyed by the Sanitary Surveyor under this bye-law certifies simply to the fact that the plans are in accordance with the Public Health Ordinance and with the bye-laws made thereunder
but signifies no approval of the sufficiency or otherwise of the plan and throws no responsibility on the Board.
4. Any person carrying out excavations for new drainage works on any Lighting excavations, &c. premises contiguous to a public thoroughfare whereby the safety of the public may be jeopardized, shall light such excavations by means of a lantern or lauterns kept lighted through the night, and he shall further provide watchmen, erect hoardings and otherwise take such precautions as may be necessary for securing the safety
of the public and the protection of adjoining properties.
5. House-drains shall be made of impervious materials with smooth internal Materials and jointing. surfaces, such as well glazed earthen-ware pipes or cast-iron pipes protected against rust or corrosion by suitable asphaltic coating. The drains shall be so constructed as to be water or air-tight. In jointing pipes with cement, tarred- hemp shall be caulked into the joint before the cement is applied, and care shall be taken that no cement or other jointing material projects from the joints into the interior of the pipes; and any such projecting material or other irre- gularities in the bore of the drain shall be carefully removed.
6. House-drains shall be firmly bedded in selected material free from large stones and well rammed into place.
7. All stoneware pipes shall be well glazed and free from cracks and flaws Materiais, stoneware pipes. and shall have a thickness of not less than one twelfth of their diameter.
8. Disconnecting Chambers shall be red brick manholes fitted with stone- Materials, disconnecting ware traps and ventilating grates of iron or stone.
chambers.
Materials, lime mortar.
Materials, lime concrete.
aterials, cement mortar.
Size of drains.
Size of drains.
>
Fall to drains.
80
9. Lime mortar used for the building of manholes shall be composed of three parts of sand or red earth and one part of good lime.
10. Lime concrete used for encasing new drains shall be composed of four parts of good sound clean stone, broken to half inch cubes, two parts of red earth and one part of lime thoroughly well mixed and well rammed into place.
11. Cement mortar used for the jointing of pipes or any other work shall be mixed in the proportions of three parts of clean sharp sand and one part of good Portland Cement and used fresh.
12. No main house-drain shall be less than six inches in clear internal diameter.
13. Subject to the limitation mentioned in the preceding Bye-law, no main house-drain shall be larger than is necessary in the opinion of the Board to carry off the sewage of the dwelling, or the sewage with the rain-water, which, under con- ditions hereinafter specified in Bye-laws Nos. 38, 39, 40 and 41 shall be admitted to the house-drain.
14. Every house-drain shall have the maximum fall, throughout its length, that the relative levels of the public sewer and of the most remote inlet, will admit of.
Provided always
(a.) That the maximum available fall does not exceed one in thirty (or 4 inches in 10 feet). If it does, then the part of the drain, more remote from the public sewer, may be laid with a fall of one in thirty; and the remainder, with such greater fall as may be necessary to connect with the public sewer.
(b.) That the excavation, necessary to obtain the maximum available fall, is not of such a nature as to endanger the stability of the adjoining or neighbouring property.
In these and similar cases the gradient may be reduced subject to the approval of the Board.
NOTE.-The available fall in a house-drain, 100 feet long, is 26" or one in forty. It will be better to make the first thirty feet from the inlet, with a fall of 1 font, or 1 in 80; and the remaining length of 70 feet with a fall of 1 in 46-66, than to give an uniform fall throughout.
100'
B 1 IN 40
TTN 46
It is clear that an obstruction at A would be more easily removed than one at B, in the pipe of uniform gradient, because it would have a greater head of water behind it; and in flowing from the inlet to it, the stream will have attained a certain momentum, tending to carry it on, through the fatter part of the pipe.
g. (2).
D
-40'
B
A
2
60′ - - - - - >
AB is a drain. 90 feet long, with an available fall of 3 feet, between A and B. At C, distant 60 feet from 4, there is a branch (D) 40 feet long; being
at the same level as
If the main-drain 4 were given an uniform fall of 1 in 30, then would be 1 foot below Band D. Then CD would have a fall of 1 in 40 only. The proper course to pursue would be to give CD a fall of one in thirty, or 1'4' in all. BC would then have a fall of 1' 4" in 30, or 1 in 223, and CA a fall of 1' 8" in 60 feet; or one is thirty- siz.
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